Description and characteristics of the apple variety Ural Nalivnoe, frost resistance and cultivation features
One of the first varieties that were bred in the Ural region was the apple hybrid Uralskoe Nalivnoe. Before the development of this variety, apples in Chelyabinsk could only be found on the market.
The history of breeding the variety Uralskoe Nalivnoe
Ural Nalivnoe was bred by the breeder Zhavoronkov P.A. in the 40s of the last century. The hybrid was obtained by crossing Papirovka and Ranetki red. Soon after breeding, the new variety quickly became popular in Russia.
Advantages and disadvantages of the view
Among the advantages are:
- High frost resistance.
- Adapts quickly to new growing regions.
- Regular fruiting.
- The taste of ripe apples.
- It is immune to diseases and pests.
- A productive variety.
- Drought-resistant.
- Universal use in cooking.
The disadvantages include self-infertility, small apple fruits. Also, if there are many apples on the tree, the branches break due to the severity.
Description and characteristics of the variety
Before buying a seedling, study the description of the tree. The characteristics include the height of the tree, the width of the crown, the rhizome and the palatability of apples.
Barrel height
The apple variety Uralskoe Nalivnoe belongs to tall ones. The trunk grows to a height of 7 m. To adjust the height, the apple tree is pruned every year.
Crown width
Roots are rounded, branches drooping. In mature trees, the crown diameter exceeds 4 m.
Annual growth
On average, the annual growth of branches is from 40 to 65 cm. Such growth rates are considered average, but without anti-aging pruning, the crown will grow very quickly, which will lead to a decrease in yield.
Development of the root system
Since the tree is tall, the root system of the Uralskoye Nalivnoe variety is powerful and spreading.
Appearance and tasting qualities of fruits
The apple pulp is sweet in taste with a slight sourness, juicy and tender. The percentage of sugar in the pulp is 11-13. The skin is thin, elastic.The apples are of a deep yellow oval shade. The tasting score is 4.6 points out of 5.
In which areas is it recommended to plant
You can grow the Ural Nalivnoe apple variety in any region. The tree grows equally well in northern latitudes, southern regions and in the central part and the Volga region. There are no restrictions on the region of cultivation of the variety.
Technical characteristics
Hybrid specifications are also important. It is important to know in advance about frost resistance, disease resistance and other characteristics in order to choose the right care for the apple tree.
Frost resistance
High frost resistance, because the apple tree was bred in the northern region. The tree can withstand frosts down to -35 degrees.
Immunity to infections and insects
The Uralskoe Nalivnoe variety is immune to most diseases of fruit crops. The plant rarely suffers from powdery mildew. But he often suffers from scab.
Immunity to insects is weak, so the apple tree needs preventive treatment.
Tree life period
On average, the life of an apple tree is 30-35 years. The older the plant, the lower the yield.
Features of fruiting apple trees
A characteristic feature of this variety is self-infertility, so you need to pay attention to pollination of the apple tree.
Pollinating varieties
The pollinator varieties include the Uralets apple hybrid. It is recommended to leave the distance between trees up to 5 m.
The beginning of the fruiting period
The fruiting period begins in the second year after the grafting of the seedling. In the third year, due to the abundant yield, the stems begin to bend and break.
Ripening dates for apples
The first ripe apples on the tree appear at the end of September. Massively fruits ripen by the beginning of October.
Harvesting and using the crop
It is advisable to collect all the fruits until they fall off. Part of the harvest can be left until winter. Jam, jams, compotes are prepared from damaged or wormy apples and used for baking.
Growing an apple orchard
Planting and caring for an apple tree is the basis for future productivity. Many gardeners neglect these points and then complain about low yields.
Disembarkation
Before planting seedlings in a permanent place, you need to decide on the timing of planting and choose a site. It is also important to prepare the soil for the tree and the seedling itself.
Preparation of young seedlings
Before planting, the seedlings are examined. If the roots are a little dry, they are immersed in water for several hours. If there are damaged roots, they are cut off. A few hours before planting in the soil, the seedling is dipped into a growth activator. And just before planting, the root system is dipped in a liquid clay solution.
Landing dates
Fruit trees are planted in spring and autumn. Many summer residents prefer autumn planting, since the seedling will take root in a new place during the winter, and will begin to grow actively in the spring. The advantage of planting in spring is that the seedling does not have to survive the winter.
Required soil composition
Ural Nalivnoe, like most apple varieties, is undemanding to the composition of the soil. It is best to plant an apple tree on light fertile soils, loamy or sandy loam.
The best planting spot
It is preferable to plant an apple tree in open sunny areas or in partial shade. Trees grow poorly in the shade. Due to the height of the trunk and the spreading crown, the distance between other trees should be at least 3 m.
Irrigation
In frequent watering apple tree does not need. It is enough to water Ural Nalivnoe 4 times per season:
- The first watering is carried out during the budding period.
- The second time the apple tree is watered during flowering.
- The third watering is carried out after pouring apples.
- The last time the tree is moistened before the onset of cold weather.
Watering the apple tree is allowed only with warm water. Ice water promotes the development of fungal diseases.
Top dressing
Top dressing, like watering, is carried out 4 times a season. The first feeding is carried out during budding and flowering. Trees are fertilized with nitrogen and organic matter. During the period of filling apples and until autumn, phosphorus and potassium are added to the soil. From organic matter, wood ash, manure, humus, bone meal are used. Two months before the onset of cold weather, the introduction of nitrogen is stopped, since it promotes growth.
Crown formation
Crown pruning is carried out twice a season - in spring and autumn. In the fall, dry and diseased branches are cut. Formative pruning is carried out in the spring. Some of the young branches are removed and the upper branches are shortened. A few skeletal branches should be left on the tree. Formative pruning is carried out in the second year.
Preventive treatments for diseases and pests
First of all, you need to process an apple tree from scab and pests. Bordeaux liquid and Fitosporin are used for preventive treatment. Processing is carried out in the spring. Also in the spring, plants are watered with a urea solution.
Do I need to prepare an apple tree for wintering
In autumn, the soil around the trunk is mulched. The thickness of the mulch should not be less than 15 cm. You also need to protect the apple tree from rodents that gnaw the bark in winter. The lower part of the trunk is tied with spruce branches or any other material that mice cannot gnaw. In winter, they regularly shake off the snow so that the branches do not break. Frosts are not terrible for the apple tree.
